Questions about example sentences with, and the definition and usage of "Ving"

A: Basically 'v-ing' means verb+ing, for example, EAT+ING which is eating.
To+verb meaning to+do something, for example, TO+EAT which is TO EAT.
If you have any further problems with it I'll be happy to explain it more.

A: If you mean verbs, v+ing means that you are doing the thing now and v=ed means that you have already done it. It's past tense. There are exceptions but here is an example.

She is reading a book. (This is happening now or is still in the process of being done. The action isn't completed).
She read a book. (This happened in the past)